Treatment outcome of prepubertal gonadal tumors
The Children's Hospital Lahore Pakistan experience
Keywords:
Prepubertal, Gonadal tumors, Resource limited, Low income countriesAbstract
Background: Prepubertal gonadal terms are rare with an incidence of 0.5-2 per 100,000 populations. Due to their rare occurrence, their presentation and management have not been established. This study aims to highlight the clinical and histopathological features of prepubertal gonadal tumors along with treatment outcome at a tertiary care specialist hospital in Central Punjab. Patients and methods: Records of Hospital Lahore Pakistan from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Histopathological features, risk stratification, clinical stages, and their outcomes were analyzed. Demographic details, histopathological features, risk stratification (high risk with serum alpha protein (AFP) more than 10,000ng/ml, thoracic tumor and stage IV at presentation), clinical stages at presentation using TNM clinical and post-surgical classification and Oncology Group staging system (COG), and their treatment outcomes were analyzed. The United Kingdom protocol consisting of Carboplatin, Etoposide and Bleomycin (JEB) chemotherapy was used for treatment. Results: Out of 105 patients, 69% were females and 41% were less than 5 years of age. Only 6% tumors were benign whereas 94% were malignant. Among them 92 (88%) patients had tumor size more than 5cm. Among total 70% were categorized as high-risk. On histopathology, 49% were yolk sac tumors, 12% were mixed malignant germ cell tumor, 12% dysgerminoma, 8% teratomas, 5% juvenile granulose cell tumor, 2% Sertoli and Leydig cell tumors and rest were unspecified. Out of 105 patients, 16% had stage II, 40% stage III and 44% stage IV at presentation. Orchidectomies and Oosalpingectomies were undertaken in 80% cases. Multidisciplinary team management (MDT) was utilized in 67% cases. Among them 72% completed treatment and were well while 8% abandoned treatment. There were overall 18% deaths, 79% due to disease progression and advanced stage of the disease with delayed treatment and 21% due to infection. Febrile neutropenia was the commonest event during treatment observed in 29% patients followed by obstructive uropathy in 13% patients. Tumor local recurrence following surgery was noted in 10% cases. Conclusions: Majority of the prepubertal gonadal tumors was malignant, commonest histopathological sub-type being Yolk Sac tumor followed by dysgerminoma. High mortality and treatment abandonment can be reduced by timely diagnosis and efficient multidisciplinary team management to achieve cure rates being obtained in developed countries.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University follows the Attribution Creative Commons-Non commercial (CC BY-NC) license which allows the users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and build upon the material. The users must give credit to the source and indicate, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. However, the CC By-NC license restricts the use of material for commercial purposes. For further details about the license please check the Creative Commons website. The editorial board of JFJMU strives hard for the authenticity and accuracy of the material published in the journal. However, findings and statements are views of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the Editorial Board.