Diagnostic Findings of Hysteroscopy, Laparoscopy, and Combined Hystero-Laparoscopy in Women with Female Subfertility: A Comparative Observational Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37018/QFOP9513Keywords:
Laparoscopy, Hysteroscopy, Hysterosalpingography, Infertility, Uterine diseaseAbstract
Background: Subfertility is a major public health problem, and it affects about 10 to 15% of reproductive-age couples. The prevalence of subfertile individuals is increasing worldwide. In Pakistan, the prevalence of subfertility is reported as 21.9%. This study aimed to determine whether combined hystero-laparoscopy detects additional abnormalities not identified by hysteroscopy or laparoscopy alone.
Methodology: It was a comparative observational study conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Hameed Latif Hospital from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024. A total of 1231 women aged 20 to 45 years, healthy women who are sexually active and seeking pregnancy, and women with unexplained infertility were included. To check the association be-tween categorical variables, the Chi-Square test was performed. The level of significance was 5%.
Results: Out of 1231 women, Laparoscopy was performed successfully in 449 (36.5%), hysteroscopy in 150 (12.2%), and the combined procedure was performed in 623 (51.3%) patients. The mean age of patients selected for these procedures was 31.29 ± 6.89 years. The prevalence of abnormalities on laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and combined hystero-laparoscopy showed significant correlations with the type of subfertility (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Combined hystero-laparoscopy provided the most comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of women with female subfertility. Diagnostic findings differed significantly according to the type of subfertility, supporting its value in the as-sessment of underlying reproductive abnormalities.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rabia Bashir, Fauzia Anjum, Razia Ghafoor, Sumbal Altaf, Sundes Jawaid Khokar, Yousaf Latif Khan
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